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Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov is a Russian surgeon, the founder of the Russian school of anesthesia, the founder of Russian military field surgery.
Summary of information
Nikolai was born in Moscow in the family of military treasurer Ivan Pirogov on November 13 (25), 1810. He received his initial education at home, after which he studied for two years in a private boarding house of V. S. Kryazhaev. Due to lack of money, the family was forced to leave school.
When Nicholas was fourteen years old, he entered the Imperial Moscow University at the Faculty of Medicine. The next ten years Pirogov devoted himself entirely to study. After defending his thesis for the degree of doctor of medicine, he moved to Germany, where he continued his studies at the University of Berlin.
Contributions to medicine
At the age of twenty-six, Pirogov became the first Russian professor to head the department of theoretical and practical surgery at the Imperial Dorpat University. Five years later, Nikolai Ivanovich received an invitation to head the Department of Surgery at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy. He also trained military surgeons. And during his medical practice, he managed to develop several innovative techniques to avoid amputation of the limbs.
It is worth noting that one of these techniques, called Operation Pirogov, is still used today. And while conducting anatomical research on frozen corpses, he created a new discipline - topographic anatomy. And these same studies formed the basis of the first anatomical atlas, which later became an indispensable guide for surgeons.
To test the developed methods, Nikolai Ivanovich went to the Caucasus in the active army. In the field, he first applied starch bandage, and also performed an operation with ether anesthesia. Subsequently, he performed about ten thousand such surgical interventions.
Wartime activities
When the Crimean War began, Pirogov was the chief surgeon of Sevastopol, besieged at that time by Anglo-French troops. He managed to prevent the amputation of limbs in many soldiers through the introduction of saving tactics of treatment and the use of plaster bandages. During the siege of the city, Nikolai Ivanovich taught the sisters of mercy and directed their work. About their activities Pirogov wrote "Historical review of the actions of the Holy Cross community of sisters of care for the wounded and sick in military hospitals in the Crimea and Kherson province from December 1, 1854 to December 1, 1856".
Also during the Crimean War, Nikolai Ivanovich introduced a completely new method of sorting the wounded, which formed the basis of the entire medical and evacuation service of the army. For services to the wounded and sick during this war, Pirogov was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree.
After the Crimean war, Nikolai Ivanovich was sent to Odessa to the position of trustee of the Odessa academic district, and then promoted to the privy adviser and trustee of the Kiev academic district. Pirogov tried to reform the existing education system. But this led to a conflict with the authorities, and he was suspended from both public service and academic activities. He settled near Vinnitsa and there organized a free hospital.
When the Russian-Turkish war began, Pirogov moved to Bulgaria and organized the treatment of soldiers in military hospitals in several cities and villages. For his work he was awarded the Order of the White Eagle.
Nikolai Ivanovich died on November 23, 1881. Less than a month before his death, he diagnosed himself with a creeping membrane mucous cancerous mouth ulcer.
“Living in the white world means constantly fighting and constantly winning.” MyBook.ru.wikiquote.org.
The knife should be the bow in the hand of a real surgeon. MyBook.ru.
“Being attentive to the thoughts of a sick person is not an easy art, it cannot be learned unless you exercise from an early age.” proza
“He who has chosen the work of a physician must take an oath that he will serve his people honestly.” proza
To be the happy happiness of others is the true happiness and earthly ideal of life of anyone who devotes himself to medical science. proza
Everything is explained, everything is made clear—know only how to deal with the fact well, know how to observe carefully, to refine the senses, learn to observe correctly, then the miracles and mysteries of nature will disappear before you, and the structure of the universe will become as ordinary a fact as all that was previously considered inaccessible and hidden has now become for us. Every day this conviction penetrates more and more into the consciousness not only of advanced people, priests of science, but also of whole masses. N. I. Pirogov
