Felix Dzerzhinsky is a member of the Russian and Polish revolutionary movement.
Dzerzhinsky comes from a noble family. While studying at the gymnasium, he decided to join the Social Democratic circle in Vilna. In 1902 he became secretary of the Foreign Committee of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, in 1903 he became head of the board of the party.
During the February Revolution of 1917, he was freed by revolutionary workers and soldiers from the Moscow Butyrskaya Prison. In March, he took part in a meeting of the Moscow Group of the Social Democratic Party. In April he participated in the work of the regional conference of the RSDRGC.
In June, Dzerzhinsky was elected to the central executive committee of Russian SDKPIL groups. In October, he, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Party, controlled the post and telegraph at the time of the uprising, led the operation of seizing the main telegraph.
In early 1918, Felix acted as a "Left Communist" against the Brest Peace with the Germans. Being at the helm of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky tried to achieve its transformation from a civilian institution into a centralized military organization based on one command, as well as a system of combat orders. Until 1920, he considered the main function of the Cheka to be the confrontation of the counter-revolution through repression.
Dzerzhinsky subsequently continued to insist on retaining extrajudicial powers for the Cheka-OGPU, however, during the strengthening of the domestic political situation in the state, he advocated reducing them, and carried out this policy. Felix considered the Cheka as an organ of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party, demanded unconditional implementation of Party directives.
Since 1922, Dzerzhinsky was appointed chairman of the GPU under the NKVD of Russia, and since 1923 - chairman of the SNK of the Soviet Union, while retaining the post of chairman of the Cheka-OGPU. Felix Dzerzhinsky proposed to transfer enterprises to economic calculation, to give more independence to economic managers.
Felix died of a heart attack in 1926. During his life, he also wrote several books, in particular, “State Security”.