Muravyov Nikolai Konstantinovich (March 21, 1870, Shcherbinina village of Tverskaya Gubernia, December 31, 1936, Moscow). Nobles. In 1890-96 he studied medicine and law in Moscow and Kazan. A juror attorney. In 1896-1917 he defended the trials of workers, peasants, sectarians, political parties. Among the trials involving Muravyov: riots in the villages of the Bryansk region in Orel and Ekaterinoslav, the case of the peasants of the Kharkiv and Poltava provinces, the process of Sormov workers, the
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Muravyov Nikolai Konstantinovich (March 21, 1870, Shcherbinina village of Tverskaya Gubernia, December 31, 1936, Moscow). Nobles. In 1890-96 he studied medicine and law in Moscow and Kazan. A juror attorney. In 1896-1917 he defended the trials of workers, peasants, sectarians, political parties. Among the trials involving Muravyov: riots in the villages of the Bryansk region in Orel and Ekaterinoslav, the case of the peasants of the Kharkiv and Poltava provinces, the process of Sormov workers, the process of the Nizhny Novgorod demonstration (Pa Zalomov, etc.), the process of the armed uprising in Presnya in Moscow, the Petero case. The Soviet of the RD (L.D. Trotsky and others), the processes of the Social-Democratic factions of the 1st. 2nd and 3rd Gos. Duma, the case of the Moscow organization of the RSDLP (M.P. Tomsky and others), etc. (helped L.N. Tolstoy to draw up a will with the renunciation of ownership of his works). He considered himself an independent non-partisan socialist. In the 1890s he was elected a member of the Tver Okr. Zemstvo, in 1916 the Moika. Horus. Dooms. The author of the works “Russian Jew and Russian worker” (M., 1907), “Laws on political and public crimes” (St. Petersburg, 1910; co-authored with P.N. Malantovich). For his participation in the revolutionary movement, he was arrested in 1891, 1894, 1898, and 1905 and exiled.
After the February Revolution of 1917, he was appointed on March 4 by the Provisional Government of the Presidency, an investigative commission to investigate the unlawful actions of former ministers, chief administrators and other senior officials, both civil, military and naval departments, with the rights of the Ministry of Justice. At the 1st All-Russian Congress of Soviets of the RSD (June), Muravyov made a report on June 16, in which he substantiated the legal basis for accusing the highest administrators of the former. The Russian empire violated not the laws of the Revolutionary period, but the laws which they had dispersed and adopted before the fall of the autocracy:
We create and set up processes that cannot but have world significance, from this point of view the position that we have succeeded in becoming is important and valuable, because from a different point of view, if this court had based itself on laws other than those that existed then, their supporters could say before the whole world: Yes, these laws are yours, and not ours, these are the laws of your time, we lived under other conditions, how do you want to punish us for what we have created, according to the laws established after you drove us away from the existing regime ... it turns out that this was not important from the point of view of their government ... that they were prohibited from the law. There are whole departments, which could not live a single day without crime ... ("1st Congress of Soviets", Vol. 2, pp. 46-47). The commission did not complete its work before the October Revolution; its shorthand reports were published in 7 volumes in 1924-27 under the title “The Fall of the Tsarist Regime.”
After the October Revolution, Muravyov worked as a legal adviser to the Moscow People’s Bank. From January 1918 to 1922 Pred. K-tha political cross. He acted as a defender at political trials, including in the case of the “tactical center”. In 1922, being a defender at the trial of the Central Committee of the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries, in protest against the interference in the process of demonstrators who demanded the death penalty for the accused, he refused to continue defending them; he was arrested and exiled, and in 1923 returned to Moscow. In 1930 he left the College of Defenders.